- Presents the unwanted part of signal – something that was not put there and should not be there.
- THD+N vs. amplitude graph is important as it reveals SNR, dynamic range, and THD+N ratio; all are expressed as ratio compared to a specified signal level.
- The difference between THD+N level and THD+N ratio must be understood.
- Signal level, signal frequency, and measurement bandwidth must be known (or guessed) when analysing results.
nihtila
- SNR is a ratio of two measurements, level and noise measurements, expressed in dB.
- Signal level, measurement bandwidth, and weighting filter must be defined.
- Dynamic range is like SNR but noise is measured in the presence of small signal; results should be the same.
Many DAC chips and devices using those chip have user selectable options for digital filter response to fine-tune tonal characteristics. I will take PCM1794A used on H-DAC as an example and see what effects these filter types have on impulse and frequency responses. This is just scratching the surface of the topic by briefly introducing some technical effects that can be measured. Tonal characteristics are not discussed here; those are highly subjective and a topic of another post (or debate).
- Placeholders for two small, approximately 10 VA, dual-secondary PCB transformers
- One transformer in series configuration for dual (analog) supply
- One transformer in parallel configuration for single (digital) supply
- Independent circuits, no common ground
- Supports the most common transformer pinouts
- Fuses, rectifier bridges, and filtering capacitors
Dual Trafo provides three unregulated low power voltage rails for mixed signal devices, such as DACs. The board can be followed by a regulator board such as SmartPSU3 or SimplePSU3 (without filter capacitors) or it can be used to feed application board’s regulators.
Digital signal processor designed for my 4-channel DIY system.
- 6 digital stereo inputs: 2 toslinks, 2 coaxial RCAs, 1 coaxial BNC and AES/EBU (XLR)
- 4 coaxial BNC stereo outputs offering 8-channel output where channels are mixed/filtered from two input channels
- All electrical connectors are transformer-isolated
- Can be used for crossover filtering for multi-way active speakers, parametric equalisation, digital room correction; filters are given in parameters (PEQ), biquads and/or FIR coefficients; also includes level, delay, polarity, compressor/limiter
- DSP-solution from miniDSP: miniSHARC OEM/DIY-board and miniSHARC plugin software; outputs with CS8406
Note that this is one of my “old” projects and is kind of obsolete. I do have bare PCBs if someone wants but I have no intentions to further develop the design, documentation, or measurements, which are not really comprehensive. However, the device was fully functional so feel free to pick tips for your own implementation.
This is not my own design but incorporates OEM/DIY modules from Hypex to make up a rather impressive stereo power amplifier:
- 2x Hypex UcD180HG HxR audio amplifier modules delivering 2x 180 W @ 4 Ω or 2x 120 W @ 8 Ω
- Hypex SMPS400A180 switched mode power supply designed for UcD180s with power rating of 400 W